How do I cite an article without a DOI?

First, you will want to see How do I find a DOI? if you are uncertain as to whether or not your document has been assigned a DOI number.

If there is no DOI number for an online article you found on the open web, use the direct URL of the article in your reference entry.

With a Direct URL to the Article

Grammer, R. (2013). Death by chocolate. Journal of Bizarre and Fascinating Health Statistics, 5(22), 222-229. https://direct-url-of-article.open-access-journal.com

If there is no DOI number for an online article you found in a common academic research database, there is no need to include additional electronic retrieval information. The reference entry looks like the entry for a print version of the same article.

With No Additional Electronic Retrieval Information

Grammer, R. (2015). Life with chocolate. Journal of Celebration, 19(1), 91-129.

Additional Resources:

• Find more details on citing electronic sources on the Writing Center's website.
• Take a look at our webpage on DOI, Other URL, or No Electronic Retrieval Information?.
• See some common reference entry examples on the Writing Center's website.

Further Questions?

Would you like a current or future assignment to be reviewed by the Writing Center? If so please visit the Writing Center's Paper Reviews webpage and make an appointment with us!

Do you have other general writing questions? Ask OASIS ! 

Other questions about your doctoral capstone or the form and style review? Email the form and style editors at [email protected].

Want to peruse other writing resources? Go to the Writing Center’s home page.