What is a systematic review?

A systematic review is a specific type of literature review that seeks to determine best practices based on available empirical research. Here is, very broadly, how the systematic review process works:

• A clinical question is asked.
• Literature is gathered.
  • The inclusion criteria are very clearly defined and each article is assessed to make sure it fits the criteria.
  • If an article is not selected to be included in the systematic review, this is documented.
  • Experimental studies are typically the focus of systematic reviews.
  • The highest quality systematic reviews include only randomized controlled trials.
• The quality of the literature is assessed.
  • Each study that matches the selection criteria is then assessed on the quality of the research performed.
• Data is extracted and analyzed.
  • When the data permit, a meta-analysis is performed.
• Findings are reported.
  • The goal of a systematic review is to show what the best practices are based on available research.
  • When possible, these will make up the conclusion of the systematic review.

Note: Because the systematic review process is so involved, a systematic review may not have been performed on every research topic. When this happens, it is advisable to search for a systematic review on a broader topic. Systematic reviews found in this way may still be relevant and applicable to your research.

More Information:

• How do I find a systematic review article related to health, medicine, or nursing?
• What is the difference between a systematic review and an integrative review?
• Evidence-based practice research guide

Do you have other questions about systematic reviews? Ask a Librarian!